راهنمای استخراج P2Pool: استخراج غیرمتمرکز مونرو

P2Pool is a decentralized mining pool for Monero that fundamentally changes how pool mining works. Unlike traditional centralized pools where a single operator controls payouts and could theoretically censor transactions, P2Pool distributes control among all miners with zero fees, zero registration, and zero trust required. In this guide, we walk you through everything you need to know to start mining Monero on P2Pool in 2026.

What Is P2Pool and Why Does It Matter?

P2Pool (Peer-to-Peer Pool) is a sidechain-based mining pool that operates without any central server or operator. Created by SChernykh and launched for Monero in 2021, it has grown to represent a significant portion of Monero’s network hashrate. Here is what makes it special:

• Completely decentralized: There is no central server, no pool operator, and no single point of failure. Every miner runs their own P2Pool node.
• 0% pool fee: Because there is no operator to pay, the pool fee is literally zero. You keep 100% of your mining rewards (minus the tiny Monero transaction fee for the payout).
• Trustless payouts: Payouts are embedded directly in the Monero coinbase transaction. The pool cannot steal your mining rewards because the payout mechanism is part of the block itself.
• Censorship resistant: No single entity can decide which transactions to include or exclude from blocks. This strengthens Monero’s overall censorship resistance.
• Your keys, your coins: You mine directly to your own Monero wallet. No pool account, no withdrawal process, no minimum payout thresholds (on the mini chain).

P2Pool Main vs P2Pool Mini

P2Pool runs two separate share chains, designed for different hashrate levels:

• P2Pool Main: The primary chain with higher difficulty. Recommended for miners with 50+ kH/s (roughly a modern server or mining rig with multiple high-end CPUs). Block time target: 10 seconds. PPLNS window: 2160 shares.
• P2Pool Mini: A lower-difficulty chain designed for smaller miners with less than 50 kH/s. This is where most home miners should start. Block time target: 10 seconds. PPLNS window: 2160 shares.

Both chains are equally decentralized and trustless. The only difference is the share difficulty. If you are mining on a single desktop or laptop, start with P2Pool Mini.

Understanding PPLNS and the 2160-Share Window

P2Pool uses a PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Shares) reward system with a window of 2160 shares. This means:

• Your payout is proportional to your shares within the last 2160 shares found by the pool.
• You need to find at least one share within this window to receive payouts.
• On P2Pool Mini, with a modest hashrate (1-5 kH/s), you should find shares regularly enough to stay within the window.
• Payouts happen every time a P2Pool miner finds a Monero block, proportional to your share of the PPLNS window.

The variance in payouts can be higher than centralized pools, especially for smaller miners. However, over time, your earnings will be equivalent (or slightly better, due to the 0% fee).

Requirements Before You Start

To mine on P2Pool, you need three components running:

1. A fully synced Monero node (monerod): P2Pool requires a local, fully synced Monero daemon. This is the most resource-intensive requirement — the Monero blockchain is approximately 170 GB as of March 2026. You can use pruning to reduce this to about 55 GB.
2. P2Pool software: The P2Pool binary that connects to your monerod and coordinates with other P2Pool miners.
3. XMRig miner: The actual mining software that connects to your local P2Pool instance and performs the RandomX hashing.

Step-by-Step Setup: Windows

Step 1: Install and Sync Monerod

1. Download the latest Monero CLI from getmonero.org.
2. Extract the archive to a directory (e.g., C:\monero).
3. Open Command Prompt and run: monerod.exe --prune-blockchain --db-sync-mode=safe
4. Wait for the blockchain to sync completely. This can take 12-48 hours on the first run depending on your internet speed and storage performance.
5. Once synced, monerod will show “SYNCHRONIZED OK” in the log output.

Step 2: Download and Run P2Pool

1. Download the latest P2Pool release from the official GitHub repository.
2. Extract to a directory (e.g., C:\p2pool).
3. Open a new Command Prompt and run: p2pool.exe --host 127.0.0.1 --wallet YOUR_MONERO_ADDRESS --mini
4. Replace YOUR_MONERO_ADDRESS with your actual Monero wallet address (starting with 4 or 8).
5. The --mini flag connects to P2Pool Mini. Remove it to connect to the main chain if your hashrate is above 50 kH/s.
6. Wait for P2Pool to sync its own sidechain (usually takes a few minutes).

Step 3: Download and Configure XMRig

1. Download XMRig from the official GitHub repository.
2. Extract to a directory (e.g., C:\xmrig).
3. Run: xmrig.exe -o 127.0.0.1:3333
4. XMRig will connect to your local P2Pool instance and start mining immediately.
5. You should see hashrate statistics in the XMRig output within a few seconds.

Step-by-Step Setup: Linux

Step 1: Install and Sync Monerod

1. Download the latest Monero CLI: wget https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/linux64
2. Extract: tar xvf linux64
3. Run: ./monerod --prune-blockchain --db-sync-mode=safe --detach
4. Monitor sync progress: ./monerod status

Step 2: Build and Run P2Pool

1. Install dependencies: sudo apt install git build-essential cmake libuv1-dev libzmq3-dev libsodium-dev libpgm-dev libnorm-dev libgss-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev
2. Clone and build: git clone --recursive https://github.com/SChernykh/p2pool && cd p2pool && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make -j$(nproc)
3. Run: ./p2pool --host 127.0.0.1 --wallet YOUR_MONERO_ADDRESS --mini

Step 3: Install and Run XMRig

1. Clone and build XMRig: git clone https://github.com/xmrig/xmrig.git && cd xmrig && mkdir build && cd build && cmake .. && make -j$(nproc)
2. Run: ./xmrig -o 127.0.0.1:3333

Monitoring Your Mining

Once everything is running, here is how to monitor your mining:

• P2Pool status window: Shows your current hashrate, shares found, and estimated earnings.
• P2Pool Observer: Visit p2pool.observer in your browser to see your miner statistics by entering your Monero address.
• XMRig dashboard: Shows real-time hashrate, accepted/rejected shares, and CPU temperature.
• Wallet balance: Check your Monero wallet periodically. Payouts appear as regular incoming transactions.

Optimization Tips

• Use hugepages: Enable 1GB hugepages for XMRig to maximize hashrate. On Linux: sudo sysctl -w vm.nr_hugepages=1280
• Dedicate threads wisely: Leave 1-2 CPU threads free for monerod and P2Pool. Do not allocate all threads to XMRig.
• SSD storage: Run monerod on an SSD for significantly faster sync and better performance.
• Stable internet: P2Pool requires a reliable internet connection to stay synchronized with other miners.
• Consider running monerod with --zmq-pub tcp://127.0.0.1:18083 for P2Pool to receive block notifications faster.

Why P2Pool Strengthens the Monero Network

Mining on P2Pool is not just good for you — it is good for the entire Monero ecosystem:

• Decentralization: Every miner on P2Pool runs their own node, contributing to network decentralization. This contrasts with centralized pools where a single operator controls a large portion of hashrate.
• Censorship resistance: No single pool operator can be coerced into censoring transactions or complying with government block lists.
• Network security: More independent miners means more geographic and jurisdictional diversity in block production, making the network more resilient to attacks.
• Aligned incentives: P2Pool miners are typically Monero enthusiasts who care about the network’s health, not just short-term profit. This creates a more committed mining community.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

• “No shares found” for a long time: On P2Pool Mini, with 1 kH/s, you should find a share roughly every few hours. If you have not found one after 24 hours, check your XMRig connection and hashrate.
• Monerod not syncing: Ensure ports 18080 and 18081 are open. Try adding --add-priority-node flags with known reliable nodes.
• P2Pool not finding peers: Check that port 37889 (main) or 37888 (mini) is accessible. P2Pool needs incoming connections to work optimally.
• Low hashrate in XMRig: Enable hugepages, ensure MSR (Model Specific Registers) access is available, and run XMRig with administrator/root privileges.

Conclusion

P2Pool represents the ideal of what cryptocurrency mining should be: decentralized, trustless, and fair. While the initial setup requires more effort than simply pointing XMRig at a centralized pool, the benefits — zero fees, trustless payouts, and contributing to Monero’s decentralization — make it well worth the effort. As Monero continues to grow in importance as a privacy tool, P2Pool miners play a crucial role in keeping the network censorship-resistant and decentralized.

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